IMPACT OF REDUCED SNOWFALL ON KASHMIR: A MULTIFACETED CHALLENGE

Kashmir, known for its breathtaking landscapes and winter wonderland, is facing a complex challenge – a drastic reduction in snowfall for year 2023-24 that reverberates across various sectors, impacting agriculture, tourism, ecosystems, and infrastructure. This multifaceted issue poses a threat to the region’s socio-economic fabric, requiring a nuanced understanding of its consequences and potential adaptation strategies.Historically, Kashmir has been characterised by significant snowfall during winter, contributing to its picturesque scenery and serving essential ecological and agricultural functions. However, recent years have witnessed a discernible change in snowfall patterns, raising concerns about the far-reaching implications for the region. This year the effect is more pronounced with many higher reaches not receiving snowfall. According to official figures, snowfall in November and December reduced to 23 cm in 2023 against 134.6 cm for the same period in 2022 and 50.6 cm in 2021.

Snow acts as a natural water reservoir, storing water during winter months and gradually releasing it during spring and summer. The reduction in snowfall directly affects this vital water source, leading to water scarcity for agricultural & other purposes. Crop yields are at risk, impacting the livelihoods of farmers who rely on consistent water availability for their fields. According to local reports, a decline in snowfall has resulted in decreased water levels in rivers and streams, exacerbating the agricultural water crisis which is likely to worsen in coming months.

Kashmir’s tourism industry, a significant economic driver, heavily depends on winter activities like skiing and snowboarding. Gulmarg India’s  Switzerland and regions main tourism destination for winters is devoid of snow this season. In 2016, Gulmarg witnessed a similar spell of scant snowfall at 7.6 cm. J&K’s winter capital Srinagar has not recorded any snowfall for last three months. After many years it was a not white Christmas & New year at Gulmarg. This has lowered the overall satisfaction levels of tourists who have visit the region primarily to witness snow. This has severely hit the ski resort business.          The govt based data shows close to 95 thousand tourists including foreigners which is almost 60% short of the normal number. The diminishing snow cover poses a threat to this sector, affecting businesses and employment opportunities. Figures indicate a decline in winter tourism revenue, forcing stakeholders to reevaluate their strategies and consider diversifying offerings to attract visitors during other seasons.

The impact of reduced snowfall extends beyond human activities to the very heart of Kashmir’s delicate ecosystem. Snow plays a crucial role in maintaining soil moisture, influencing vegetation patterns and supporting biodiversity. Changes in snowfall patterns can disrupt these delicate balances, potentially leading to altered migration patterns of wildlife and affecting the health of forests. Scientists have observed shifts in the flowering and fruiting times of certain plant species, indicating ecological disruptions that could have cascading effects. While the reduction in snowfall is a localised issue, it is crucial to recognise its broader connection to global climate change. Scientific studies point to shifting weather patterns worldwide and Kashmir’s experience aligns with the larger narrative of climate related challenges. El Nino effect on Climate change is considered a contributing factor for the declining snowfall in Kashmir, as indicated by various studies. The rate of temperature increase is higher in upper elevation areas than in the plains, further impacting snowfall. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and other climate related phenomena contribute to the intricate web of factors influencing Kashmir’s snowfall. The region which never needed fan as on appliance is slowly graduates to heavily dependent climate control Zone in summers. It was widely reported that this year Jammu was colder than Srinagar in mid January during day times. In the face of these challenges, Kashmir must explore and implement adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of reduced snowfall. Water conservation practices, including efficient irrigation systems and rainwater harvesting, can help address agricultural water scarcity. Diversifying the tourism industry by promoting alternative attractions and activities during non winter months can enhance resilience. Moreover, adopting climate resilient infrastructure designs can alleviate the strain on maintenance budgets.

The multifaceted challenge posed by reduced snowfall in Kashmir demands a comprehensive and collaborative approach. By understanding the interconnected nature of its impacts on agriculture, tourism, ecosystems, and infrastructure, stakeholders can work together to develop adaptive strategies. As Kashmir navigates these challenges, it stands at the intersection of local resilience and global climate considerations, highlighting the importance of addressing climate change on both regional and global scales.

Ideas, Opinions and Views expressed in articles are Writer’s own and may not be in accord with those of The Morn